Black English
Robert MacNeil, Robert McCrum & William Cran
The Story of English; Black on White
The Story of English is a television series that was produced in 1986. The series makes an earnest attempt to trace the origin story of modern English. Of the nine episodes, one is explicitly devoted to the influence of black speech on English. The episode’s title Black on White implicitly aligns whiteness with dominant English and blackness as its phonic other.
Pamela Z. employs extended vocal technique to create a contrapuntal choir within Cycling 74’s MaxMsp coding environment. Here the artist’s solo voice merges with code to form a plurality of voices against a black backdrop. Fragments of Z’s voice are stored in audio buffers that are eventually mixed within the larger vocal soundscape, underscoring a form of improvisation that is also a temporal becoming.
Tridia Brown sings “if I had a little love, I could make it. But everytime I try, something’s standing in my way.” Her voice sings the refrain without instrumental accompaniment (save for a metronomic tapping inthe background). The song was never released until it appeared at the end of a compilation entitled “Eccentric Soul” in the early 2000s. At the end of the recording, Brown’s voice dissolves
Max Roach and Abbey Lincoln’s duet proposes a commonality shared between American slavery and South African apartheid. The piece functions as a conversation between Abbey Lincoln’s wordless vocalizing (that moves from moans to screams to exhales) and Max Roach’s mirroring drum language. Together, these tones coalesce as a triptych entitled Protest, Prayer and Peace.
In James Baldwin’s final interview he speaks on the relationship between his writing and the beat. Baldwin notes the impossibility of the black literature without the singing traditions of the blues which reformulate the word as lyrics. For Baldwin, the lyrical text of blues informs the cadence of his novel form.
Doug E. Fresh, the human beatbox, troubles the discrete lines that distinguish sound from voice from breath and the formality of instrumentation. In an interview, Fresh discussed beatboxing as a feature of his sonic autonomy:
“I can make it go slow. I can make it go fast. I can make it go any way I want it to. I can play anything I want to play. I can play anything you can think of. If it’s a record, if it’s a beat -- I can play it.”
Curtis Jones aka Green Velvet once detailed the formation of his sonic archive as this process: 1) listening to black AM radio in Chicago 2) pressing record on a cassette deck 3) walking away. One such experiment introduced the house DJ/producer to the sermons of Reverend CL Franklin. Jones recalls: “the minute I heard it, I just wanted to record something with it, that powerful vocal. I was so happy — he even kept roaring the word ‘house’! I couldn’t believe it, I was screaming, aaaaaaagh!”